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False Subjects
Cause, Consequence - SO,SO - SUCH, SO - BECAUSE
Linkers
Time
Conditionals
1.1 The Passive - Personal and Impersonal Structures
Comparitives and Superlatives
Like - Seem, As, Appear to be, As though,
Opposites
Wish - Regret
Quantifiers
Common Collocations
1 The Passive - Normal sentences
Advice, Suggestions, Obligations, and Permission
Verbs, Nouns, and Adjectives
Reflexive Pronouns
1.2 The Passive - Causative Form
Multi Word Verbs
Modal Verbs
Verb Patterns
The Present Perfect
Auxilliary verbs - Modal verbs
Reported Speech
PET - AS, LIKE 2
PET - REPORTED SPEECH 1
PET - FOR, SINCE, UNTIL, AGO, BY, DURING
PET - TOO, ENOUGH
PET - GOOD, WELL
PET - AGREE, DISAGREE
PET - GIVING ADVICE
PET - INTERESTED, INTERESTING
PET - SO and BECAUSE
PET - SOME, ANY
PET - IS LIKE, LOOKS LIKE, LIKES
PET - IF, WHEN and UNLESS
PET - MUST, HAVE TO, ALLOWED TO, PROHIBITED 1
PET - MAKING SUGGESTIONS
PET - TALL, TALLER THAN, THE TALLEST, NOT AS TALL AS
PET - NEVER BEFORE - FIRST TIME
PET - TO SWIM, SWIMMING
PET - LEND, BORROW, OWE
PET - HAS, THERE ARE
PET - I, ME, MY, MINE, MYSELF and BY MYSELF
PET - AS SOON AS, AS ... AS
PET - ADVISE, ADVICE
PET - OTHER, ANOTHER, THE OTHER
PET - AS, LIKE 1
PET - REPORTED SPEECH 2 - QUESTIONS
PET - USED TO
PET - FEW, MANY, LITTLE, MUCH
PET - PRACTICE, PRACTISE
PET - EFFECT, AFFECT
PET - PREFER, LIKE MORE THAN
PET - SO and SUCH
Another form of the passive is called the CAUSATIVE form, which is used when we say we arrange for someone to do something for us.
Mary cuts my hair. - active
My hair is cut by Mary. - passive
I have my hair cut by Mary. - causative
I get my hair cut by Mary. - causative
For this form we can either use HAVE, or GET, the meaning is the same:
I have my car cleaned every day.
I get my car cleanrd every day.
Leslie is cleaning her mother's coat.
Leslie's mother (1) (have) by Leslie.
Leslie's mother (2) (get) by Leslie.
People think the climate is getting hotter.
The climate (3) getting hotter.
It (4) the climate is getting hotter.
People believe the earth was cooler in the past.
The earth (5) cooler in the past.
It (6) the earth was cooler in the past.
The dentist took out Mark's tooth
HAD
Mark (7) by his dentist.
A new architect built Linda's house for her.
GOT
Linda (8) her by a new architect.