False Subjects
Cause, Consequence - SO,SO - SUCH, SO - BECAUSE
Linkers
Time
Conditionals
1.1 The Passive - Personal and Impersonal Structures
Comparitives and Superlatives
Like - Seem, As, Appear to be, As though,
Opposites
Wish - Regret
Quantifiers
Common Collocations
1 The Passive - Normal sentences
Advice, Suggestions, Obligations, and Permission
Verbs, Nouns, and Adjectives
Reflexive Pronouns
1.2 The Passive - Causative Form
Multi Word Verbs
Modal Verbs
Verb Patterns
The Present Perfect
Auxilliary verbs - Modal verbs
Reported Speech
PET - AS, LIKE 2
PET - REPORTED SPEECH 1
PET - FOR, SINCE, UNTIL, AGO, BY, DURING
PET - TOO, ENOUGH
PET - GOOD, WELL
PET - AGREE, DISAGREE
PET - GIVING ADVICE
PET - INTERESTED, INTERESTING
PET - SO and BECAUSE
PET - SOME, ANY
PET - IS LIKE, LOOKS LIKE, LIKES
PET - IF, WHEN and UNLESS
PET - MUST, HAVE TO, ALLOWED TO, PROHIBITED 1
PET - MAKING SUGGESTIONS
PET - TALL, TALLER THAN, THE TALLEST, NOT AS TALL AS
PET - NEVER BEFORE - FIRST TIME
PET - TO SWIM, SWIMMING
PET - LEND, BORROW, OWE
PET - HAS, THERE ARE
PET - I, ME, MY, MINE, MYSELF and BY MYSELF
PET - AS SOON AS, AS ... AS
PET - ADVISE, ADVICE
PET - OTHER, ANOTHER, THE OTHER
PET - AS, LIKE 1
PET - REPORTED SPEECH 2 - QUESTIONS
PET - USED TO
PET - FEW, MANY, LITTLE, MUCH
PET - PRACTICE, PRACTISE
PET - EFFECT, AFFECT
PET - PREFER, LIKE MORE THAN
PET - SO and SUCH
PET - FOR, SINCE, UNTIL, AGO, BY, DURING
You are given a block of text which explains the theory of this concept.
Once you have read the theory, do the exercises given below to test how well you have understood the ideas.
How to do the Exercises:
You are given a set of words.
You are also given some sentences with input boxes, and you are required to use the words to complete the sentences correctly.
You can put your chosen word into the input box by first clicking on the word and then in the input box.
The word will appear in the input box.
If it is correct, it will go green, and if not, it will go red.
FOR, SINCE and AGO
FOR and SINCE are used to define an activity that started in the past and continued to the present.
FOR gives the duration and SINCE tells when the activity started.
- I have been playing tennis FOR 2 hours.
- I have been playing tennis SINCE 8 pm. (It is 10 pm now.)
The moment when the activity started can be defined by AGO, and it normally comes at the end of the sentence.
- I started playing tennis 2 hours AGO.
SINCE and UNTIL
SINCE and UNTIL work in the same way, SINCE defines duration in the past, and UNTIL defines duration in the future.
- I have been playing since 8pm.(It is 10pm now.)
- I will be playing until 12 pm.(it is 10pm now.)
FOR can be used with all tenses:
- He sleeps FOR 6 hours.
- He slept FOR 2 hours.
- He will sleep for 2 hours.
SINCE is normally only used for the PERFECT TENSES (have, and had)
- I have been talking SINCE 11.00
- I had been busy SINCE 9.00 when I saw him.
BY is used to define a specific moment in the future.
- I will be finished BY 6pm
DURING needs to be used with care.
It can sometimes be used by Spanish speakers to mean FOR.
They are not the same.
It is wrong to say I HAVE BEEN SLEEPING DURING 3 HOURS.
DURING is used to identify an activity within another activity that has been defined.
- Last year I went to Paris FOR 3 months.
- DURING this time I met Maria.
- DURING places the activity of MEETING MARIA within the period FOR 3 MONTHS.
FOR is normally used with a question form of HOW LONG.
- HOW LONG has he been sleeping? He has been sleeping FOR 3 hours.
SINCE is normally used with a question form of SINCE WHEN.
- SINCE WHEN has he been sleeping? He has been sleeping SINCE 8 O'clock.
I have not seen David (1) 2 years.
It has been 2 years (2) I last saw David.
I last saw David 2 years (3) .
I can play (4) 2 pm.
I have to finish (5) 2 pm.
I went to the toilet for 10 minutes (6) the game.
It's a long time since they've been to the zoo.
They haven't been to the zoo (7) a long time.
We moved to Madrid 10 years ago.
We have lived in Madrid (8) 10 years.
It's a long time since we played here.
We haven't played here (9) a long time.
We last went to Scotland in 1980.
We haven't been to Scotland (10) 1980.
Grace joined my class 2 years ago.
Grace and I have been in the same class (11) 2 years.
I have not read such a good book for a long time.
It's a long time (12) I read such a good book.
The zoo has been open for a week.
The zoo (13) last week.
David joined the team three years ago.
David has been in the team (14) three years.
The shop has been open for a week.
The shop opened a week (15) .
It was 8.00 when we left the office.
We didn't leave the office (16) 8.00.
Nigel started playing the violin 2 years ago.
Nigel has been playing the violin (17) 2 years.
Sam joined my class last year.
Sam has been in my class (18) 1 year.
I have not read such a good book for a long time.
It's a long time (19) I read such a good book.