False Subjects
Cause, Consequence - SO,SO - SUCH, SO - BECAUSE
Linkers
Time
Conditionals
1.1 The Passive - Personal and Impersonal Structures
Comparitives and Superlatives
Like - Seem, As, Appear to be, As though,
Opposites
Wish - Regret
Quantifiers
Common Collocations
1 The Passive - Normal sentences
Advice, Suggestions, Obligations, and Permission
Verbs, Nouns, and Adjectives
Reflexive Pronouns
1.2 The Passive - Causative Form
Multi Word Verbs
Modal Verbs
Verb Patterns
The Present Perfect
Auxilliary verbs - Modal verbs
Reported Speech
PET - AS, LIKE 2
PET - REPORTED SPEECH 1
PET - FOR, SINCE, UNTIL, AGO, BY, DURING
PET - TOO, ENOUGH
PET - GOOD, WELL
PET - AGREE, DISAGREE
PET - GIVING ADVICE
PET - INTERESTED, INTERESTING
PET - SO and BECAUSE
PET - SOME, ANY
PET - IS LIKE, LOOKS LIKE, LIKES
PET - IF, WHEN and UNLESS
PET - MUST, HAVE TO, ALLOWED TO, PROHIBITED 1
PET - MAKING SUGGESTIONS
PET - TALL, TALLER THAN, THE TALLEST, NOT AS TALL AS
PET - NEVER BEFORE - FIRST TIME
PET - TO SWIM, SWIMMING
PET - LEND, BORROW, OWE
PET - HAS, THERE ARE
PET - I, ME, MY, MINE, MYSELF and BY MYSELF
PET - AS SOON AS, AS ... AS
PET - ADVISE, ADVICE
PET - OTHER, ANOTHER, THE OTHER
PET - AS, LIKE 1
PET - REPORTED SPEECH 2 - QUESTIONS
PET - USED TO
PET - FEW, MANY, LITTLE, MUCH
PET - PRACTICE, PRACTISE
PET - EFFECT, AFFECT
PET - PREFER, LIKE MORE THAN
PET - SO and SUCH
Modal Verbs
You are given a block of text which explains the theory of this concept.
Once you have read the theory, do the exercises given below to test how well you have understood the ideas.
How to do the Exercises:
You are given a set of words.
You are also given some sentences with input boxes, and you are required to use the words to complete the sentences correctly.
You can put your chosen word into the input box by first clicking on the word and then in the input box.
The word will appear in the input box.
If it is correct, it will go green, and if not, it will go red.
Most English sentences have two verbs.
I can play tennis
I don't like fish.
The second verb is a normal verb like PLAY and LIKE, but the first verb is a special verb which can either be an AUXILLIARY VERB like DO or DOES. or a MODAL VERB like CAN. Here's a list of some common MODAL VERBS:
can, could, would, may, might ,must, shall, will, should, ought to, have to,
Modal verbs are used for different fuctions IN FCE sentence transformations:
To show ABILITY
I CAN speak French.
To request PERMISSION
CAN I open the window?
May I read your newspaper?
WOULD YOU mind if I read your newspaper?
To express POSSIBILITY
I MAY call.
To express OBLIGATION
I MUST go.
I HAVE TO go.
Notice that usually MUST is an obligation imposed by someone else and HAVE TO is an obligation you impose on yourself.
To express STRONG BELIEF
He MUST be Chinese.
To give ADVICE, of which there are several ways:
You SHOULD call your mother.
You OUGHT TO cal your mother.
Why don't you call your mother.
You HAD BETTER call your mother.
I would call your mother if I were you.
To REQUEST or OFFER
WOULD you like a biscuit?
Shall I get you a cup of tea?
WOULD you like me to get you a cup of tea?
In conditional sentences:
If I were you, I WOULD do my homework.
To express PROHIBITION
It's prohibited to take dogs into the restaurant.
You CANNOT take dogs into the restaurant.
To express NECESSITY
I NEED TO take my medicine.
The situations described in the present can also be described in the past by using modal verbs with the PRESENT PERFECT.
To express CERTAINTY
He CAN'T HAVE GONE.
HE MUST HAVE called
To express POSSIBILITY
HE MAY HAVE
YOU COULD HAVE
For past events that didn't happen
YOU SHOULD HAVE called me.
Sally couldn't sing or dance.
UNABLE
Besides (1) Sally couldn't dance either.
We might not find it easy to book a seat at the last minute.
COULD
It (2) us to book a seat at the last minute.
You must show your student card as you enter the library.
REQUIRED
You (3) student card as you enter the library.
I have an interview tomorrow, so I ought to leave soon.
BETTER
I have an interview tomorrow, so (4) .
It was careless of you to leave without locking the door.
OUGHT
You (5) the door before you left.
It was wrong of you to borrow my jacket without asking.
OUGHT
You (6) before you borrowed my jacket.
It says here that we should we reply to this invitation.
SUPPOSED
It says here that (7) to this invitation.
I think taxes should be increased.
TIME
It (8) increased.
It will be better for you to come alone.
SOONER
I would (9) on your own.
Sam knew that his sister had to leave by 5 o'clock.
NECESSARY
Sam knew that (10) his sister to leave by 5 o'clock.
I haven't got my wallet. It must be at home.
LEFT
(11) wallet at home.
Maybe Paul forgot that we changed the time of the meeting.
MIGHT
Paul (12) that we changed the time of the meeting.